The Eight Data Protection Principles
The principles are in essence a code of good practice for processing personal data.
First principle
Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless Data Protection Acts criteria are met.
Second principle
Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.
Third principle
Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
Fourth principle
Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
Fifth principle
Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
Sixth principle
Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under the Data Protection Act.
Seventh principle
Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
Eighth principle
Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the Acts Economic Area, unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.
Saturday, July 25, 2009
Data Protection
The 5 key points every member of staff needs to know about Data protection
- Individuals have the right to see any personal information the organization holds about them. They do this by making a subject access request and you have 40 calendar days to respond.
- You must tell people what you are doing with information about them including whom you are disclosing it to.
- Use appropriate security measures to protect personal data.
- Do not transfer personal information outside the Acts Economic Area, including publishing personal information on the Internet, without safeguards.
- You must not keep personal data for longer than is necessary.
Monday, July 6, 2009
Your Freedom Setting For Nigerians
A good place for sharing information for Nigeria mobile browsers in Nigeria using your freedom for free browsing for MTN, Zain, Etisalat and Glo is here.
Your comments about this settings is important while all neccessary effort is made to introduce new setting.
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Yf server: ems24.your-freedom.de.
port: 53
Connection: UDP
proxy Server: 10.199.212.2
proxy Server port:8080
or
Yf server: ems23.your-freedom.de.
port: 53
Connection: UDP
proxy Server: 10.199.212.2
proxy Server port:8080
Happy Browsing.
Your comments about this settings is important while all neccessary effort is made to introduce new setting.
Have the following for Mtn Nigeria.
Yf server: ems24.your-freedom.de.
port: 53
Connection: UDP
proxy Server: 10.199.212.2
proxy Server port:8080
or
Yf server: ems23.your-freedom.de.
port: 53
Connection: UDP
proxy Server: 10.199.212.2
proxy Server port:8080
Happy Browsing.
How to perform an in-place upgrade (reinstallation) of Windows XP
INTRODUCTION
Important Reinstalling the Windows operating system or performing an in-place upgrade of your operating system is an extreme troubleshooting step that you should only take if you fully understand the ramifications and risks involved. If you decide to take this step, make sure that you have the original Windows XP installation media and product key that was included with your operating system. If you are not comfortable trying to reinstall or repair the Windows operating system, you might want to contact your computer manufacturer for help or bring your computer to a professional repair shop.
This article describes two methods to perform an in-place upgrade (reinstallation) of Windows XP. If you reached this article expecting to find other information, please use the search box at the top of this page to find more appropriate content to resolve your issue.
An in-place upgrade is also named a repair installation. This operation reinstalls Windows XP to the same folder on your computer where it was originally installed. You may want to perform an in-place upgrade if your installation of Windows XP must be repaired and if one of the following conditions is true:
• You cannot start Windows XP in safe mode. For more information about how to start your Windows XP-based computer in safe mode, checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315222/ ) A description of the Safe Mode Boot options in Windows XP
• You cannot start Windows XP after you install a Microsoft software update.
• There is a registry problem that cannot be solved by using other tools such as System Restore. For more information about System Restore, checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306084/ ) How to restore the operating system to a previous state in Windows XP
• You must apply default (file and registry) permissions to your Windows XP installation. This condition can occur if program files are missing or damaged after you make changes or updates to your computer or programs.
• You must register COM components and Windows File Protection (WFP) files. This condition occurs because of missing or damaged system files.
• You must use the Windows Setup program to enumerate Plug and Play devices again. This includes the hardware abstraction layer (HAL).
This content is designed for an intermediate to an advanced computer user. There are several links in this article that take you to other articles with additional information. You might find it easier to follow the steps if you print this article first.
Troubleshooting
Before you start a reinstallation, please review these troubleshooting articles and review the following "When you should not reinstall" section to determine whether the reinstallation is necessary.
If you feel comfortable about performing the troubleshooting, review the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles before you start the reinstallation:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308041/ ) Advanced troubleshooting for general startup problems in Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/326841/ ) Support WebCast: Windows XP: Troubleshooting Startup and Shutdown Problems
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/307654/ ) How to install and use the Recovery Console in Windows XP
If you are not comfortable about performing the troubleshooting, you can continue to the next section, or you might want to ask someone for help or contact Microsoft Support.
When you should not reinstall
A reinstallation may not resolve the problem that you are experiencing. Please review this section to see whether a reinstallation is appropriate for your situation.
Repair a component
Do not perform a reinstallation to repair a component or program that is currently not installed. If you have the necessary permissions, use the Add or Remove Programs item in Control Panel, or reinstall the component or program instead of Windows. To open Add or Remove Programs in Windows XP, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs.
User account problem
Do not perform a reinstallation to try to resolve a problem with a user account, password, or local profile. To determine whether the problem is related to a user account, password, or local profile, create another user account (if you have the required permissions), and then log on to that account to see whether the problem is resolved. For more information about creating a new user account in Windows XP, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/279783/ ) How to create and configure user accounts in Windows XP
System Restore
If you reinstall Windows XP, all existing restore points are removed and a new system checkpoint restore point is created after the reinstallation is completed. Do not perform a reinstallation if you may have to use System Restore to restore your computer to a previous state. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/301224/ ) System Restore "restore points" are missing or deleted
Third-party programs
Do not reinstall to resolve a problem with third-party programs, files, or registry entries. Contact the manufacturer of the third-party program to resolve any problems.
Disk problems
Do not reinstall if you suspect hard disk problems. For more information about checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315265/ ) How to perform disk error checking in Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308041/ ) Advanced troubleshooting for general startup problems in Windows XP
You can also contact the computer manufacturer for more information about how to troubleshoot hard disk problems.
Third-party devices
Do not reinstall if you suspect a problem with a third-party device. Determine whether the latest device drivers are currently installed for the device. Contact the manufacturer of the third-party device to resolve any problems.
If after reviewing this section, you must reinstall Windows XP, continue to the next section.
Before you reinstall Windows XP
Review the following topics before you reinstall Windows XP. These topics present lots of information and may seem complex, but reading this information will help you understand clearly what you need and what you must do before reinstalling Windows XP.
Prerequisites
Windows Installation CD
Before you start, have your Windows installation CD and the product key available. Without these, you cannot reinstall Windows. If Windows was preinstalled on your computer, contact the computer manufacturer for help in obtaining the Windows installation files and product key.
Device drivers
Many of the device drivers for your hardware components are integrated into Windows. However, devices such as printers, monitors, graphic cards, sound cards, modems, external drives, and scanners usually have separate installation CDs. If you do not have all the drivers for your hardware components, you can download the drivers from the Internet and then write them to a CD.
If your computer requires a third-party mass storage device driver or hardware abstraction layer (HAL), make sure that you have a copy of the files on a separate storage media before you start the reinstallation.
Internet Explorer 7
If Internet Explorer 7 is installed on your computer, you must uninstall it before you reinstall Windows XP. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/917964/ ) How to perform a repair installation of Windows XP if Internet Explorer 7 is installed
Programs
Collect and store the CDs and product keys for your programs in an appropriate location so that you can reinstall the programs after you have reinstalled Windows. These programs may include the following:
• Microsoft Office programs
• Antivirus software
• CD writing software
• Internet Provider software
Data backup
Before you reinstall Windows, back up all important data to another location. Data that you may want to back up could include the following:
• My Documents (documents, pictures, music, videos)
• Program folders (configuration data, user data)
• Favorites
• Address books
• E-mail messages
• Document templates
• Macros
• Boilerplates
The original backup copies of your registry files (located in the %systemroot%\Repair folder) are replaced when the reinstallation is completed. These original registry files in the Repair folder were created either when you started Windows XP or when you last used the Backup utility to back up the system state. If you think that you might have to use the registry backups after the reinstallation is complete, copy these registry backup files to another location before you perform the reinstallation.
Network settings
You can restore certain network settings after you reinstall Windows. Before you start the reinstallation, record your computer's network settings so that they can easily be available if this step is required. These settings include the following:
• Computer name
• Workgroup or domain
• TCP/IP settings
To find these settings, do the following steps:
1. To find these settings, click Start and then click Run.
2. Type control ncpa.cpl in the Open text field and then click OK.
3. Right-click Local Area Connection and then right-click Properties.
4. Record the network settings.
Internet provider information
To make sure that you can reconnect to the Internet after you have reinstalled Windows, record your Internet provider information. This includes user name, password information, and names of mail servers.
Startup sequence
Warning This procedure may involve changing your CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) settings and changing your Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). Incorrect changes to the BIOS of your computer can result in serious problems. Microsoft cannot guarantee that problems that result from changes to your BIOS can be solved. Change your CMOS settings at your own risk. Incorrect or corrupted CMOS and BIOS settings can cause startup problems or shutdown problems.
If you must adjust the BIOS startup sequence of your computer so that it can start from the installation CD, the sequence should be in the following order:
• CD drive
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk drive
During startup, BIOS searches for a disk that has an operating system it can load. On a computer that has an operating system installed, this is usually the hard disk. The BIOS is configured to search disks on the computer in a certain order, called the startup sequence. If the computer hard disk is configured in the BIOS as the first disk in the startup sequence, the computer starts by using the hard disk and does not search the CD drive for a startup disk.
To configure the BIOS to search the CD drive for a startup disk before it searches the hard disk, follow these steps:
1. Restart your computer.
2. When the computer first starts, it performs the power-on self test (POST). This test checks that all connected devices are functioning. As part of the POST, the memory is checked. During the memory test, a message will appear that tells you how to access the BIOS. For example, you may see the following message or a similar message that explains how to start the BIOS setup:
PRESS DEL TO ENTER SETUP
In this example, you must press the DEL key immediately after the memory test is finished to start the setup process. You may have to press the key several times to make sure that you access the BIOS setup.
Tip There are other keys that may provide access to the BIOS. They include the following:
o F1
o F2
o F10
o CTRL+ENTER
o ALT+ENTER
o CTRL+ALT+ESC
o CTRL+ALT+INSERT
If you are not sure how to access the BIOS setup, see the user manual for your computer's motherboard.
3. Look for the startup sequence settings (also known as boot sequence or boot order). You can usually use the arrow keys to move through the menus and settings.
4. When you find the startup sequence setting, you can usually press ENTER to modify it. Press the PLUS SIGN (+) or MINUS SIGN (-) key until the CD drive is selected as the startup disk.
Tip More information about how to modify the BIOS can be found in your user manual. It usually contains descriptions of the menus and instructions on how to modify the options. The BIOS itself usually contains context-sensitive Help with the individual steps.
5. As soon as you have specified the CD drive as the first location to search for a startup disk, you can usually press ESC to return to the menus. In the main menu, select the option SAVE AND EXIT SETUP or a similar option. When the confirmation SAVE TO CMOS AND EXIT or a similar option appears, select YES.
6. If you cannot select YES, type the letter y.
Note BIOS uses a QWERTY keyboard layout. If your keyboard settings follow a different layout, you will have to press the Y key as it appears on a QWERTY keyboard.
7. After you exit the BIOS setup, your computer will restart.
8. Make sure that the computer starts by using the CD drive. Insert the Windows XP installation CD and restart the computer. If this is successful, you can start reinstalling Windows XP.
If you are not comfortable trying to perform this task, you may want to ask someone whom you know for help. Or you may want to contact Microsoft Support to help you resolve this issue.
Windows XP preinstalled
If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, view the following article before you continue with reinstallation:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312369/ ) You may lose data or program settings after reinstalling, repairing, or upgrading Windows XP
Note If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, you may not have the Repair option that you may require during the reinstallation process. Contact your computer manufacturer to make sure that you have the installation CD for a repair install.
Windows XP Service Pack 2
If Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) is already installed on your computer, you must reinstall SP2 after you reinstall Windows XP. One way to do this is to combine the SP2 files with the Windows XP files and reinstall them at the same time. Follow the links in this section to try this method.
Note There are also two methods to reinstall SP2 separately after you have reinstalled Windows XP. You can find those two methods in the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section.
Note Service packs are cumulative. Each new service pack contains all the fixes that are included with earlier service packs and any new fixes. You do not have to install an earlier version of a service pack before you install the latest version. For example, you only have to install Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), you do not have to install Windows XP Service Pack 1a (SP1a).
Reinstall Windows XP
To reinstall Windows XP, try either of the following methods. If the first method does not work, try the second.
Note You may want to disconnect from the Internet during the installation. This helps protect you from malicious users.
Method 1: Start the reinstallation from Windows XP
To reinstall Windows XP by using Windows XP CD, follow these steps:
1. Start your computer.
2. Insert the Windows XP CD in your computer's CD drive or DVD drive.
3. On the Welcome to Windows XP page, click Install Windows XP.
4. On the Welcome to Windows Setup page, click Upgrade (Recommended) in the Installation Type box (if it is not already selected), and then click Next.
5. On the License Agreement page, click I accept this agreement, and then click Next.
6. On the Your Product Key page, type the 25-character product key in the Product key boxes, and then click Next.
7. On the Get Updated Setup Files page, select the option that you want, and then click Next.
8. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to reinstall Windows XP.
If you successfully completed the reinstallation, congratulations. You are almost done. Please continue to the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section to finish.
If you received an error or if the reinstallation did not finish, try method 2.
Method 2: Repair install of Windows XP by starting your computer from the Windows XP CD
Note If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, you may need the installation CD to reinstall. Contact your computer manufacturer to make sure that you have the installation CD for a repair installation.
To reinstall Windows XP by starting your computer from the Windows XP CD, follow these steps:
1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer's CD drive or DVD drive, and then restart your computer.
2. When you receive the "Press any key to boot from CD" message on the screen, press a key to start your computer from the Windows XP CD.
3. The following message on the Welcome to Setup screen will appear:
This portion of the Setup program prepares Microsoft Windows XP to run on your computer: To setup Windows XP now, press ENTER. To repair a Windows XP installation by using Recovery Console, press R. To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.
4. Press ENTER to set up Windows XP.
5. On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement screen, press F8 to agree to the license agreement.
6. Make sure that your current installation of Windows XP is selected in the box, and then press R to repair Windows XP.
7. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to reinstall Windows XP. After you repair Windows XP, you may have to reactivate your copy of Windows XP. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310064/ ) How to troubleshoot Windows XP Setup problems when you upgrade from Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition
If you successfully completed the reinstallation, congratulations. You are almost done. Please continue to the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section to finish.
If you received an error or if the reinstallation did not finish, unfortunately, this article did not resolve your problem. For your next steps, you may want to ask someone whom you know for help. Or, you may want to contact Microsoft Support to help you resolve this problem.
After you reinstall Windows XP
After you finish the reinstallation, complete the following final tasks.
Note You may also want to enable the firewall in Internet Explorer. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283673/ ) How to turn on or turn off the firewall in Windows XP
Reinstall Windows XP Service Pack 2
If Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) was installed on your computer before you reinstalled Windows XP, you must reinstall SP2. If you did not already reinstall SP2 with the Windows XP in the previous section, use one of the following methods to reinstall SP2 now.
Method 1: Obtain the service pack CD and reinstall the service pack after you reinstall Windows XP
To order Windows Service Pack 2 on CD, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
(http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/downloads/updates/sp2/cdorder/en_us/default.mspx)
Method 2: Download the service pack after you reinstall Windows XP
For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322389/ ) How to obtain the latest Windows XP service pack
Reinstall all updates to Windows
After you reinstall Windows XP, you must reinstall all updates to Windows also. To reinstall Windows updates, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
(http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com)
Reinstall Internet Explorer 7
When Windows XP is repaired and is running correctly, reinstall Internet Explorer 7. To do this, you will need the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. This package is available through Windows Update. Also, the package may still be on the computer from the first time that you installed Internet Explorer 7. Locate the installation package in the folder in which you saved the files, and reinstall the program.
Note This package may be located in the Temporary Internet Files folder. If you cannot locate the Internet Explorer 7 installation package, visit the following Microsoft Web site to obtain this package:
(http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/default.mspx)
To connect to the Microsoft download site, you must have a functional Web browser. If Internet Explorer 6 does not work on the computer after you uninstall Internet Explorer 7, you cannot download the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. In this situation, you can use a computer that has a functional Web browser to download the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. Then, use a shared network drive to install the program onto the repaired computer. If you cannot use a shared network for this purpose, copy the Internet Explorer 7 installation package onto a CD, and install Internet Explorer 7 on the repaired computer from the CD.
If you had difficulty completing these final steps, unfortunately, this content is unable to help you any further. So, you might want to ask someone for help, or you might want to contact Support.
More information
For more information about how to troubleshoot specific Windows XP Setup issues, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312369/ ) You may lose data or program settings after reinstalling, repairing, or upgrading Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312368/ ) Data loss occurs after you reinstall, repair, or upgrade Windows XP
For more information about the Windows XP Setup program, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/286463/ ) Release Notes for Windows XP Setup contained in the Pro.txt file
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306824/ ) Release Notes for Windows XP Setup contained in the Home.txt file
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/286647/ ) Windows XP Read1st.txt file contents
This article applies to
• Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
• Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Important Reinstalling the Windows operating system or performing an in-place upgrade of your operating system is an extreme troubleshooting step that you should only take if you fully understand the ramifications and risks involved. If you decide to take this step, make sure that you have the original Windows XP installation media and product key that was included with your operating system. If you are not comfortable trying to reinstall or repair the Windows operating system, you might want to contact your computer manufacturer for help or bring your computer to a professional repair shop.
This article describes two methods to perform an in-place upgrade (reinstallation) of Windows XP. If you reached this article expecting to find other information, please use the search box at the top of this page to find more appropriate content to resolve your issue.
An in-place upgrade is also named a repair installation. This operation reinstalls Windows XP to the same folder on your computer where it was originally installed. You may want to perform an in-place upgrade if your installation of Windows XP must be repaired and if one of the following conditions is true:
• You cannot start Windows XP in safe mode. For more information about how to start your Windows XP-based computer in safe mode, checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315222/ ) A description of the Safe Mode Boot options in Windows XP
• You cannot start Windows XP after you install a Microsoft software update.
• There is a registry problem that cannot be solved by using other tools such as System Restore. For more information about System Restore, checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306084/ ) How to restore the operating system to a previous state in Windows XP
• You must apply default (file and registry) permissions to your Windows XP installation. This condition can occur if program files are missing or damaged after you make changes or updates to your computer or programs.
• You must register COM components and Windows File Protection (WFP) files. This condition occurs because of missing or damaged system files.
• You must use the Windows Setup program to enumerate Plug and Play devices again. This includes the hardware abstraction layer (HAL).
This content is designed for an intermediate to an advanced computer user. There are several links in this article that take you to other articles with additional information. You might find it easier to follow the steps if you print this article first.
Troubleshooting
Before you start a reinstallation, please review these troubleshooting articles and review the following "When you should not reinstall" section to determine whether the reinstallation is necessary.
If you feel comfortable about performing the troubleshooting, review the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles before you start the reinstallation:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308041/ ) Advanced troubleshooting for general startup problems in Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/326841/ ) Support WebCast: Windows XP: Troubleshooting Startup and Shutdown Problems
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/307654/ ) How to install and use the Recovery Console in Windows XP
If you are not comfortable about performing the troubleshooting, you can continue to the next section, or you might want to ask someone for help or contact Microsoft Support.
When you should not reinstall
A reinstallation may not resolve the problem that you are experiencing. Please review this section to see whether a reinstallation is appropriate for your situation.
Repair a component
Do not perform a reinstallation to repair a component or program that is currently not installed. If you have the necessary permissions, use the Add or Remove Programs item in Control Panel, or reinstall the component or program instead of Windows. To open Add or Remove Programs in Windows XP, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs.
User account problem
Do not perform a reinstallation to try to resolve a problem with a user account, password, or local profile. To determine whether the problem is related to a user account, password, or local profile, create another user account (if you have the required permissions), and then log on to that account to see whether the problem is resolved. For more information about creating a new user account in Windows XP, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/279783/ ) How to create and configure user accounts in Windows XP
System Restore
If you reinstall Windows XP, all existing restore points are removed and a new system checkpoint restore point is created after the reinstallation is completed. Do not perform a reinstallation if you may have to use System Restore to restore your computer to a previous state. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/301224/ ) System Restore "restore points" are missing or deleted
Third-party programs
Do not reinstall to resolve a problem with third-party programs, files, or registry entries. Contact the manufacturer of the third-party program to resolve any problems.
Disk problems
Do not reinstall if you suspect hard disk problems. For more information about checking for disk errors, check the following article links to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315265/ ) How to perform disk error checking in Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308041/ ) Advanced troubleshooting for general startup problems in Windows XP
You can also contact the computer manufacturer for more information about how to troubleshoot hard disk problems.
Third-party devices
Do not reinstall if you suspect a problem with a third-party device. Determine whether the latest device drivers are currently installed for the device. Contact the manufacturer of the third-party device to resolve any problems.
If after reviewing this section, you must reinstall Windows XP, continue to the next section.
Before you reinstall Windows XP
Review the following topics before you reinstall Windows XP. These topics present lots of information and may seem complex, but reading this information will help you understand clearly what you need and what you must do before reinstalling Windows XP.
Prerequisites
Windows Installation CD
Before you start, have your Windows installation CD and the product key available. Without these, you cannot reinstall Windows. If Windows was preinstalled on your computer, contact the computer manufacturer for help in obtaining the Windows installation files and product key.
Device drivers
Many of the device drivers for your hardware components are integrated into Windows. However, devices such as printers, monitors, graphic cards, sound cards, modems, external drives, and scanners usually have separate installation CDs. If you do not have all the drivers for your hardware components, you can download the drivers from the Internet and then write them to a CD.
If your computer requires a third-party mass storage device driver or hardware abstraction layer (HAL), make sure that you have a copy of the files on a separate storage media before you start the reinstallation.
Internet Explorer 7
If Internet Explorer 7 is installed on your computer, you must uninstall it before you reinstall Windows XP. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/917964/ ) How to perform a repair installation of Windows XP if Internet Explorer 7 is installed
Programs
Collect and store the CDs and product keys for your programs in an appropriate location so that you can reinstall the programs after you have reinstalled Windows. These programs may include the following:
• Microsoft Office programs
• Antivirus software
• CD writing software
• Internet Provider software
Data backup
Before you reinstall Windows, back up all important data to another location. Data that you may want to back up could include the following:
• My Documents (documents, pictures, music, videos)
• Program folders (configuration data, user data)
• Favorites
• Address books
• E-mail messages
• Document templates
• Macros
• Boilerplates
The original backup copies of your registry files (located in the %systemroot%\Repair folder) are replaced when the reinstallation is completed. These original registry files in the Repair folder were created either when you started Windows XP or when you last used the Backup utility to back up the system state. If you think that you might have to use the registry backups after the reinstallation is complete, copy these registry backup files to another location before you perform the reinstallation.
Network settings
You can restore certain network settings after you reinstall Windows. Before you start the reinstallation, record your computer's network settings so that they can easily be available if this step is required. These settings include the following:
• Computer name
• Workgroup or domain
• TCP/IP settings
To find these settings, do the following steps:
1. To find these settings, click Start and then click Run.
2. Type control ncpa.cpl in the Open text field and then click OK.
3. Right-click Local Area Connection and then right-click Properties.
4. Record the network settings.
Internet provider information
To make sure that you can reconnect to the Internet after you have reinstalled Windows, record your Internet provider information. This includes user name, password information, and names of mail servers.
Startup sequence
Warning This procedure may involve changing your CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) settings and changing your Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). Incorrect changes to the BIOS of your computer can result in serious problems. Microsoft cannot guarantee that problems that result from changes to your BIOS can be solved. Change your CMOS settings at your own risk. Incorrect or corrupted CMOS and BIOS settings can cause startup problems or shutdown problems.
If you must adjust the BIOS startup sequence of your computer so that it can start from the installation CD, the sequence should be in the following order:
• CD drive
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk drive
During startup, BIOS searches for a disk that has an operating system it can load. On a computer that has an operating system installed, this is usually the hard disk. The BIOS is configured to search disks on the computer in a certain order, called the startup sequence. If the computer hard disk is configured in the BIOS as the first disk in the startup sequence, the computer starts by using the hard disk and does not search the CD drive for a startup disk.
To configure the BIOS to search the CD drive for a startup disk before it searches the hard disk, follow these steps:
1. Restart your computer.
2. When the computer first starts, it performs the power-on self test (POST). This test checks that all connected devices are functioning. As part of the POST, the memory is checked. During the memory test, a message will appear that tells you how to access the BIOS. For example, you may see the following message or a similar message that explains how to start the BIOS setup:
PRESS DEL TO ENTER SETUP
In this example, you must press the DEL key immediately after the memory test is finished to start the setup process. You may have to press the key several times to make sure that you access the BIOS setup.
Tip There are other keys that may provide access to the BIOS. They include the following:
o F1
o F2
o F10
o CTRL+ENTER
o ALT+ENTER
o CTRL+ALT+ESC
o CTRL+ALT+INSERT
If you are not sure how to access the BIOS setup, see the user manual for your computer's motherboard.
3. Look for the startup sequence settings (also known as boot sequence or boot order). You can usually use the arrow keys to move through the menus and settings.
4. When you find the startup sequence setting, you can usually press ENTER to modify it. Press the PLUS SIGN (+) or MINUS SIGN (-) key until the CD drive is selected as the startup disk.
Tip More information about how to modify the BIOS can be found in your user manual. It usually contains descriptions of the menus and instructions on how to modify the options. The BIOS itself usually contains context-sensitive Help with the individual steps.
5. As soon as you have specified the CD drive as the first location to search for a startup disk, you can usually press ESC to return to the menus. In the main menu, select the option SAVE AND EXIT SETUP or a similar option. When the confirmation SAVE TO CMOS AND EXIT or a similar option appears, select YES.
6. If you cannot select YES, type the letter y.
Note BIOS uses a QWERTY keyboard layout. If your keyboard settings follow a different layout, you will have to press the Y key as it appears on a QWERTY keyboard.
7. After you exit the BIOS setup, your computer will restart.
8. Make sure that the computer starts by using the CD drive. Insert the Windows XP installation CD and restart the computer. If this is successful, you can start reinstalling Windows XP.
If you are not comfortable trying to perform this task, you may want to ask someone whom you know for help. Or you may want to contact Microsoft Support to help you resolve this issue.
Windows XP preinstalled
If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, view the following article before you continue with reinstallation:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312369/ ) You may lose data or program settings after reinstalling, repairing, or upgrading Windows XP
Note If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, you may not have the Repair option that you may require during the reinstallation process. Contact your computer manufacturer to make sure that you have the installation CD for a repair install.
Windows XP Service Pack 2
If Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) is already installed on your computer, you must reinstall SP2 after you reinstall Windows XP. One way to do this is to combine the SP2 files with the Windows XP files and reinstall them at the same time. Follow the links in this section to try this method.
Note There are also two methods to reinstall SP2 separately after you have reinstalled Windows XP. You can find those two methods in the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section.
Note Service packs are cumulative. Each new service pack contains all the fixes that are included with earlier service packs and any new fixes. You do not have to install an earlier version of a service pack before you install the latest version. For example, you only have to install Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), you do not have to install Windows XP Service Pack 1a (SP1a).
Reinstall Windows XP
To reinstall Windows XP, try either of the following methods. If the first method does not work, try the second.
Note You may want to disconnect from the Internet during the installation. This helps protect you from malicious users.
Method 1: Start the reinstallation from Windows XP
To reinstall Windows XP by using Windows XP CD, follow these steps:
1. Start your computer.
2. Insert the Windows XP CD in your computer's CD drive or DVD drive.
3. On the Welcome to Windows XP page, click Install Windows XP.
4. On the Welcome to Windows Setup page, click Upgrade (Recommended) in the Installation Type box (if it is not already selected), and then click Next.
5. On the License Agreement page, click I accept this agreement, and then click Next.
6. On the Your Product Key page, type the 25-character product key in the Product key boxes, and then click Next.
7. On the Get Updated Setup Files page, select the option that you want, and then click Next.
8. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to reinstall Windows XP.
If you successfully completed the reinstallation, congratulations. You are almost done. Please continue to the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section to finish.
If you received an error or if the reinstallation did not finish, try method 2.
Method 2: Repair install of Windows XP by starting your computer from the Windows XP CD
Note If Windows XP was preinstalled on your computer, you may need the installation CD to reinstall. Contact your computer manufacturer to make sure that you have the installation CD for a repair installation.
To reinstall Windows XP by starting your computer from the Windows XP CD, follow these steps:
1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer's CD drive or DVD drive, and then restart your computer.
2. When you receive the "Press any key to boot from CD" message on the screen, press a key to start your computer from the Windows XP CD.
3. The following message on the Welcome to Setup screen will appear:
This portion of the Setup program prepares Microsoft Windows XP to run on your computer: To setup Windows XP now, press ENTER. To repair a Windows XP installation by using Recovery Console, press R. To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.
4. Press ENTER to set up Windows XP.
5. On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement screen, press F8 to agree to the license agreement.
6. Make sure that your current installation of Windows XP is selected in the box, and then press R to repair Windows XP.
7. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to reinstall Windows XP. After you repair Windows XP, you may have to reactivate your copy of Windows XP. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310064/ ) How to troubleshoot Windows XP Setup problems when you upgrade from Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition
If you successfully completed the reinstallation, congratulations. You are almost done. Please continue to the "After you reinstall Windows XP" section to finish.
If you received an error or if the reinstallation did not finish, unfortunately, this article did not resolve your problem. For your next steps, you may want to ask someone whom you know for help. Or, you may want to contact Microsoft Support to help you resolve this problem.
After you reinstall Windows XP
After you finish the reinstallation, complete the following final tasks.
Note You may also want to enable the firewall in Internet Explorer. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283673/ ) How to turn on or turn off the firewall in Windows XP
Reinstall Windows XP Service Pack 2
If Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) was installed on your computer before you reinstalled Windows XP, you must reinstall SP2. If you did not already reinstall SP2 with the Windows XP in the previous section, use one of the following methods to reinstall SP2 now.
Method 1: Obtain the service pack CD and reinstall the service pack after you reinstall Windows XP
To order Windows Service Pack 2 on CD, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
(http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/downloads/updates/sp2/cdorder/en_us/default.mspx)
Method 2: Download the service pack after you reinstall Windows XP
For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322389/ ) How to obtain the latest Windows XP service pack
Reinstall all updates to Windows
After you reinstall Windows XP, you must reinstall all updates to Windows also. To reinstall Windows updates, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
(http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com)
Reinstall Internet Explorer 7
When Windows XP is repaired and is running correctly, reinstall Internet Explorer 7. To do this, you will need the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. This package is available through Windows Update. Also, the package may still be on the computer from the first time that you installed Internet Explorer 7. Locate the installation package in the folder in which you saved the files, and reinstall the program.
Note This package may be located in the Temporary Internet Files folder. If you cannot locate the Internet Explorer 7 installation package, visit the following Microsoft Web site to obtain this package:
(http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/default.mspx)
To connect to the Microsoft download site, you must have a functional Web browser. If Internet Explorer 6 does not work on the computer after you uninstall Internet Explorer 7, you cannot download the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. In this situation, you can use a computer that has a functional Web browser to download the Internet Explorer 7 installation package. Then, use a shared network drive to install the program onto the repaired computer. If you cannot use a shared network for this purpose, copy the Internet Explorer 7 installation package onto a CD, and install Internet Explorer 7 on the repaired computer from the CD.
If you had difficulty completing these final steps, unfortunately, this content is unable to help you any further. So, you might want to ask someone for help, or you might want to contact Support.
More information
For more information about how to troubleshoot specific Windows XP Setup issues, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312369/ ) You may lose data or program settings after reinstalling, repairing, or upgrading Windows XP
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312368/ ) Data loss occurs after you reinstall, repair, or upgrade Windows XP
For more information about the Windows XP Setup program, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/286463/ ) Release Notes for Windows XP Setup contained in the Pro.txt file
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306824/ ) Release Notes for Windows XP Setup contained in the Home.txt file
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/286647/ ) Windows XP Read1st.txt file contents
This article applies to
• Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
• Microsoft Windows XP Professional
How To Use Windows Data Backup and Data Recovery Tools to Make a Data Backup of Internet Information Services
This article describes how to use the Windows 2000 data backup and data recovery tools to make a data backup of Internet Information Services (IIS).
Requirements
• You must have a tape or disk storage device that is attached to your computer from which you want to make the data backup.
• You must be an administrator or a backup operator to back up files and folders (data).
To Create the Backup (Data Backup Media)
1. Insert a tape into your tape storage device.
2. Click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup. The Welcome to the Windows 2000 Backup and Recovery Tools screen is displayed.
3. Click the Backup Tab.
4. At the bottom of the screen, verify that the entry that is displayed in the Backup media or file name box is correct. The default entry is A:\Backup.bkf. If you want to back up to a different drive, change the drive letter to the correct drive letter.
5. Insert the appropriate data storage medium into the backup drive, for example, a floppy disk, CD-ROM, or DAT tape.
6. Expand the My Computer tree to find the C:\InetPub\Wwwroot folder. Place a check mark next to this folder. This folder is the default content folder for IIS. If you have additional virtual Web sites, put a check mark next to those content folders as well.
7. Click Start Backup.
8. A Progress dialog box is displayed. When the backup is complete, remove the medium and close the Windows Backup window. Refer to the following Best Practices section for information about how to use backups effectively.
Best Practices
• Create a data backup log: Always create and print a data backup log for each backup data. Keep a book of logs to make it easier to locate specific files. The data backup log is helpful when you restore data as you can print it or read it from any text editor. Also, if the tape that contains the backup set catalog is corrupted, the printed log can help you to locate a file.
• Retain copies: Keep three copies of the data storage media. Keep at least one copy offsite in a properly controlled environment.
• Perform trial restorations: Perform a trial restoration periodically to verify that your data files had been properly backed up. A trial restoration can uncover hardware problems that are not revealed with software verifications.
• Secure devices and media: Secure both the storage device and the backup media. It is possible for someone to access the data from a stolen medium by restoring the data to another server for which that user is an administrator.
Troubleshooting
If you receive a message that informs you that the media is invalid, insert a different tape or disk into the drive.
This data management applies to
• Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
• Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0
Requirements
• You must have a tape or disk storage device that is attached to your computer from which you want to make the data backup.
• You must be an administrator or a backup operator to back up files and folders (data).
To Create the Backup (Data Backup Media)
1. Insert a tape into your tape storage device.
2. Click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup. The Welcome to the Windows 2000 Backup and Recovery Tools screen is displayed.
3. Click the Backup Tab.
4. At the bottom of the screen, verify that the entry that is displayed in the Backup media or file name box is correct. The default entry is A:\Backup.bkf. If you want to back up to a different drive, change the drive letter to the correct drive letter.
5. Insert the appropriate data storage medium into the backup drive, for example, a floppy disk, CD-ROM, or DAT tape.
6. Expand the My Computer tree to find the C:\InetPub\Wwwroot folder. Place a check mark next to this folder. This folder is the default content folder for IIS. If you have additional virtual Web sites, put a check mark next to those content folders as well.
7. Click Start Backup.
8. A Progress dialog box is displayed. When the backup is complete, remove the medium and close the Windows Backup window. Refer to the following Best Practices section for information about how to use backups effectively.
Best Practices
• Create a data backup log: Always create and print a data backup log for each backup data. Keep a book of logs to make it easier to locate specific files. The data backup log is helpful when you restore data as you can print it or read it from any text editor. Also, if the tape that contains the backup set catalog is corrupted, the printed log can help you to locate a file.
• Retain copies: Keep three copies of the data storage media. Keep at least one copy offsite in a properly controlled environment.
• Perform trial restorations: Perform a trial restoration periodically to verify that your data files had been properly backed up. A trial restoration can uncover hardware problems that are not revealed with software verifications.
• Secure devices and media: Secure both the storage device and the backup media. It is possible for someone to access the data from a stolen medium by restoring the data to another server for which that user is an administrator.
Troubleshooting
If you receive a message that informs you that the media is invalid, insert a different tape or disk into the drive.
This data management applies to
• Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
• Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0
How To Recover Your Data
Losing your valuable data, either by damage to your computer or accidental deletion, is an upsetting situation. Whether the lost files contain sensitive personal information, treasured photographs, or data for your small business, the loss can be devastating. Your data doesn't have to stay lost, however. Data recovery services specialize in restoring files that most people wouldn't think would be recoverable. Keep reading to learn how data recovery services work.
Why Data Recovery is Possible
The files stored on your computer are all written onto the hard drive, which consists of thin, round platters coated with a shiny magnetic data storage medium, much like the shiny coating on the thin ribbons contained inside VHS and cassette tapes. Just like in a VCR or a tape player, a head inside your computer's hard drive reads and reads and writes the data onto the magnetic storage medium.
When you delete a file on your computer, it is not actually erased from the hard drive. The hard drive simply changes the marker on that space from "occupied" to "vacant." The data itself is still there until it is written over. Think of it as a home video that you have decided you don't want anymore. Until you actually tape over it, it's still there.
Even once data is written over, it can still be found. This is because the data that is written over it is usually imperfect, leaving traces of the original file. With the proper tools, these traces can be located, deciphered, and - usually - reassembled into complete files. However, the more times an old file is overwritten, the more difficult it will be to retrieve it - so the sooner you contact a data recovery service, the better.
Data Recovery Options
1. Data recovery service. When you contact a data recovery service, usually the first thing they will want to know is how the files you want to recover were lost. You might have accidentally deleted the files, or the data might have become corrupted. In a worst-case scenario, your hard drive might have sustained damage, ranging from relatively minor damage such as hard drive crash, to serious physical damage such as flooding or fire. However, the data recovery service most likely won't be able to give you a quote until they have inspected the hard drive, so you will also need to drop off or mail your hard drive to them. Before the data recovery service begins work on your hard drive, they will make an exact copy of the drive. All work will be done on this copy, to avoid doing any more damage to the drive itself. Using the copy of the original drive, the data recovery service then uses a variety of tools and techniques to try to recover the lost data. Every hard drive creates a sort of table of contents at the very beginning of the drive; by retrieving old tables of contents, the data recovery service can tell where the files you need would be located on the drive, making it easier to make sense of and restore written-over data. Once the data has been restored from the drive, the data recovery service checks to make sure the files they have recovered are complete. Again, they can use old tables of contents from the hard drive to check for holes in the files. Once they have ensured that the data is all there, they will back it up to CDs or another storage medium, and send it back to you.
2. Undelete software. A common type of data recovery software is "undelete" software, which enables you to restore files that you have accidentally deleted. However, remember that when you delete a file, the hard drive marks it as available storage. In other words, anything you do after deleting that file - whether downloading undelete software, saving another file, or even just shutting your computer down as normal - can overwrite the data, rendering it impossible to recover without a data recovery service. A way around this is to download the undelete software to a separate drive, such as an external drive or even a USB drive. Unless you know what you are doing, though, you should probably call a professional right away - the longer you wait, and the more you tinker with your computer, the more likely you are to create the need for major data recovery in order to restore your deleted file.
3. Uncorrupt software. Another type of data recovery software is one designed to find and/or fix lost or corrupted files. Again, the hazard is that every piece of data you write to the disk could overwrite the file you are trying to restore. Since the file is lost or corrupted, you cannot trust that the hard drive will know not to overwrite it. Again, immediately contacting a professional is probably the best course of action.
There are many data recovery software packs available online. These may be pretty tempting, but remember that depending on what you need done, they may or may not satisfy your needs. And even if software can fix your problem, using them without a professional's guidance may inadvertently create more problems, not only ensuring that you will have to use a data recovery service, but also creating more work for them (and therefore a higher price for you).
Because of the nature of a hard drive or another type of memory storage, data loss is not necessarily permanent. An experienced data recovery service can easily help you restore your valuable photos, financial information, or small business data. However, don't forget that when your valuable data has been deleted, lost, or damaged, time is of the essence if you are to get it back: The longer your computer runs, and the more often it writes to the hard drive, the worse the situation gets.
Why Data Recovery is Possible
The files stored on your computer are all written onto the hard drive, which consists of thin, round platters coated with a shiny magnetic data storage medium, much like the shiny coating on the thin ribbons contained inside VHS and cassette tapes. Just like in a VCR or a tape player, a head inside your computer's hard drive reads and reads and writes the data onto the magnetic storage medium.
When you delete a file on your computer, it is not actually erased from the hard drive. The hard drive simply changes the marker on that space from "occupied" to "vacant." The data itself is still there until it is written over. Think of it as a home video that you have decided you don't want anymore. Until you actually tape over it, it's still there.
Even once data is written over, it can still be found. This is because the data that is written over it is usually imperfect, leaving traces of the original file. With the proper tools, these traces can be located, deciphered, and - usually - reassembled into complete files. However, the more times an old file is overwritten, the more difficult it will be to retrieve it - so the sooner you contact a data recovery service, the better.
Data Recovery Options
1. Data recovery service. When you contact a data recovery service, usually the first thing they will want to know is how the files you want to recover were lost. You might have accidentally deleted the files, or the data might have become corrupted. In a worst-case scenario, your hard drive might have sustained damage, ranging from relatively minor damage such as hard drive crash, to serious physical damage such as flooding or fire. However, the data recovery service most likely won't be able to give you a quote until they have inspected the hard drive, so you will also need to drop off or mail your hard drive to them. Before the data recovery service begins work on your hard drive, they will make an exact copy of the drive. All work will be done on this copy, to avoid doing any more damage to the drive itself. Using the copy of the original drive, the data recovery service then uses a variety of tools and techniques to try to recover the lost data. Every hard drive creates a sort of table of contents at the very beginning of the drive; by retrieving old tables of contents, the data recovery service can tell where the files you need would be located on the drive, making it easier to make sense of and restore written-over data. Once the data has been restored from the drive, the data recovery service checks to make sure the files they have recovered are complete. Again, they can use old tables of contents from the hard drive to check for holes in the files. Once they have ensured that the data is all there, they will back it up to CDs or another storage medium, and send it back to you.
2. Undelete software. A common type of data recovery software is "undelete" software, which enables you to restore files that you have accidentally deleted. However, remember that when you delete a file, the hard drive marks it as available storage. In other words, anything you do after deleting that file - whether downloading undelete software, saving another file, or even just shutting your computer down as normal - can overwrite the data, rendering it impossible to recover without a data recovery service. A way around this is to download the undelete software to a separate drive, such as an external drive or even a USB drive. Unless you know what you are doing, though, you should probably call a professional right away - the longer you wait, and the more you tinker with your computer, the more likely you are to create the need for major data recovery in order to restore your deleted file.
3. Uncorrupt software. Another type of data recovery software is one designed to find and/or fix lost or corrupted files. Again, the hazard is that every piece of data you write to the disk could overwrite the file you are trying to restore. Since the file is lost or corrupted, you cannot trust that the hard drive will know not to overwrite it. Again, immediately contacting a professional is probably the best course of action.
There are many data recovery software packs available online. These may be pretty tempting, but remember that depending on what you need done, they may or may not satisfy your needs. And even if software can fix your problem, using them without a professional's guidance may inadvertently create more problems, not only ensuring that you will have to use a data recovery service, but also creating more work for them (and therefore a higher price for you).
Because of the nature of a hard drive or another type of memory storage, data loss is not necessarily permanent. An experienced data recovery service can easily help you restore your valuable photos, financial information, or small business data. However, don't forget that when your valuable data has been deleted, lost, or damaged, time is of the essence if you are to get it back: The longer your computer runs, and the more often it writes to the hard drive, the worse the situation gets.
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